Gambling is a form of risk-taking where something of value is staked upon an uncertain outcome of a game or contest, a future contingent event not under the bettor’s control or influence. It is distinguished from other forms of gambling such as lotteries and sports wagering. It is also distinguished from bona fide business transactions valid under the law of contracts, such as securities and commodities trading, life insurance and health or accident insurance.
While most adults and adolescents have placed a bet at one time or another, for some the activity becomes dangerous and leads to addiction. Known as “problem gambling” or ‘pathological gambling’, this activity causes serious distress and disruption to a person’s life. It can lead to financial problems such as bankruptcy, loss of a job or home, and it can interfere with relationships and employment.
Problem gambling can also lead to depression, anxiety or substance abuse. It can also result in family and interpersonal conflict, poor health, and social isolation. People who develop a gambling disorder often hide their addiction or lie about how much they gamble, feeling that others won’t understand them. Some even try to win back lost money by increasing their bets.
A psychiatric diagnosis of compulsive gambling is made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. There are several effective treatments for gambling disorders, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family and individual psychotherapy, and family and group therapies. Some types of CBT specifically target unhealthy gambling behaviors and beliefs, while other therapies teach people how to cope with their urges and solve relationship, work and financial problems that may have contributed to their problem gambling.
Although there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for gambling disorders, most people who develop a problem with this type of behavior will benefit from some form of behavioral or cognitive therapy. Medications may also be used, particularly for those who have co-occurring disorders such as depression or anxiety.
A variety of factors can contribute to a gambling disorder, such as an early big win, boredom susceptibility, impulsivity, a misinterpretation of random events, the use of escape coping and stressful life experiences. It’s important to recognise these issues so you can help your loved ones get the support they need. There are some practical steps you can take to reduce the amount of money your loved ones spend on gambling, such as closing online betting accounts, putting someone else in charge of their finances and restricting access to cash. You can also find out about local support services and helplines. In some cases, inpatient or residential rehab programs may be necessary if the problem is severe. These programmes offer a high level of support and are designed for those who are struggling with an addiction to gambling or other addictive behaviours. They can provide a safe environment in which you can learn how to overcome your addiction, with round-the-clock care and support.
